Sweden Returns to Textbooks: A Lesson for India?

by Ranjith Subeditor

Fifteen years after adopting a digital-first approach in education, Sweden is taking a decisive step back to traditional learning methods. The country has announced a €104 million investment to reintroduce printed textbooks into classrooms, acknowledging that the shift to digital learning has not adequately developed students’ foundational skills in reading and writing. This move has sparked discussions globally, including in India, about the role of digital and traditional learning in education systems.

Sweden’s Educational Pivot

Sweden’s experiment with digital learning began with the aim of modernising education. However, a review of outcomes over the past decade revealed that students’ reading and writing abilities had declined. Recognising these gaps, Sweden’s government has decided to balance technology with traditional teaching tools, reinforcing the importance of printed textbooks and teacher-led instruction.

This shift does not signify a rejection of technology but highlights the need for a blended approach. Global bodies like UNESCO have similarly advocated for limiting over-reliance on digital tools to foster better learning environments.

India’s Educational Landscape

India’s situation is markedly different from Sweden’s. While digital learning has gained momentum in urban schools, especially in elite institutions, the majority of Indian students still rely on traditional textbooks. Rural areas, in particular, face challenges such as limited internet access and insufficient infrastructure, making digital learning inaccessible for many.

However, India grapples with a different issue: the pervasive influence of visual media. A 2024 report revealed that only 34.6% of children aged 8 to 18 enjoy reading in their free time. Meanwhile, average screen time continues to rise, driven by the popularity of OTT platforms and smartphones.

Striking a Balance

As Sweden moves to restore the balance between digital and traditional learning, India can take a cue by addressing its own unique challenges. Strengthening school libraries, promoting family reading habits, and gamifying educational content can help cultivate a culture of reading. While digital tools remain essential for modern education, India must ensure that they complement, rather than replace, foundational learning methods.

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